La Redacción
Santo Domingo, D.N., República Dominicana. Un Grupo Estratégico de arquitectos y urbanistas expertos en diversas áreas, han postulado un esquema de soluciones viables a la problemática del avance e impactos del COVID-19 en la República Dominicana.
La iniciativa de profesionales de la Fundación Dominicana de Arquitectura Estratégica, plantearon el “Esquema de Contingencias” en el territorio nacional, articulando acciones preventivas de índole territorial, recomendaciones técnicas, infografías, e inferencias estadísticas definidas en el interés de salvaguardar la salud ciudadana y mantener el aparato productivo nacional desde la perspectiva de las dinámicas urbanas regionales del país.
En el documento, establecen diversas recomendaciones y decisiones que pueden ser implementadas en los entornos urbanos y zonas rurales dominicanas, procurando equilibrar la cadena de valor de cada factor interviniente, para desarrollar de manera consecuente las capacidades de resiliencia en materia de logística frente a la pandemia.
Los especialistas plantearon la implementación de protocolos sanitarios estrictos al personal de la construcción, supervisados por los diversos organismos de salud del Estado, así como la toma de decisiones preventivas de posposición a los eventos multitudinarios programados de las próximas semanas (Feria del Libro, celebraciones de Semana Santa, Eventos deportivos)
En la escala urbana, plantean regularizar los horarios de los desplazamientos de transportes públicos y practicar protocolos de saneamiento sistemáticos en los transportes masivos (Sistema de Metro, OMSA y el transporte interurbano).
Presentaron la relación denominada “Taxonomía de las Generaciones”, mostrando un esquema de riegos de la población más vulnerable ante el COVID-19, en la que establecen inferencias según datos de la Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas (ONE. La infografía determina que más de un millón de personas en la República Dominicana superan los 60 años y determinando que 3 de cada 4 de estas personas viven en los núcleos urbanos del país, por lo cual se debe hacer énfasis en el manejo de la epidemia en estas zonas.
Sugieren que más de (2) millones de dominicanos se enmarcan en los segmentos más vulnerables a contraer el coronavirus y esa cantidad aproximada se localiza en las tasas actuales de mayor riesgo de mortalidad del virus, por lo que aducen: “Es imperante establecer atención de asistencia y control a estos grupos en el territorio nacional”. Plantean además, definir centros de acopio y suministro de alimentos y medicamentos, “estratégicamente localizados en polígonos consolidados principalmente en las zonas urbanas y metropolitanas de la nación”.
En caso de expansión de la pandemia, establecen que: “la migración desde Haití tiende a aumentar, en busca de esos flujos a las atenciones del Sistema de Salud Dominicano”, por lo que planearon de vital importancia de implementar un Plan Maestro de Salud Fronterizo, delineado centros de control o zonas sanitarias en la en la frontera dominico haitiana.
Sugieren consolidar zonas humanitarias de asistencia alimenticia y de salud en la franja fronteriza dominico haitiana, en el objetivo de aminorar la vectorizacion del virus a zonas urbanas.
Definen, que la adecuada educación, la prevención y la gestión de los procedimientos ante la pandemia en el territorio son los elementos claves. “El ciudadano debe sentir confianza con las informaciones oficiales del Estado y se deben dotar de al menos (100) áreas de prueba y asilamientos, estratégicamente localizados en el territorio”.
Presentaron un modelo de “Centros móviles” denominados CEAMCO19 a ser emplazados en las franjas fronterizas, en barrios y en zonas rurales del país. Este dispositivo de salud, se trata de un contenedor operativo que evalúa los signos y data de salud y la misma se transmite a un banco de información espacial. De igual manera, el CEAMCO19 sugiere un espacio de aislamiento primario en como medida cautelar en función de la etapa asintomática de la infección del virus.
Plantean además, habilitar infraestructuras de emergencia y mapear posibles zonas de aislamiento domiciliario, supervisados bajo los centros ambulatorios en asentamientos rurales y zonas marginadas de los núcleos urbanos. Sugieren el uso de las aulas móviles del MINERD, para ser localizados como centros de contingencia y distribución controlada de insumos médicos.
Mostraron el desacuerdo con mantener al hospital Ramón de Lara, en la base aérea de San Isidro, para temas de contingencias de contagiados. Y sugieren establecer una propuesta concreta de aumentar de 300 a disponer de más de 1500 camas y zonas de contención de la pandemia.
En función de la etapa en que se encuentra la pandemia en territorio nacional, plantean que se está a tiempo de realizarle adecuadas zonas de aislamientos a los (56) hospitales nuevos del gobierno y suplir de equipamiento médico y pruebas del COVID-19 en las diversas regiones de salud.
Sugieren que en la presente semana, se debe realizar un levantamiento integral en hospitales y centros de salud dominicanos y determinar sus áreas de adaptación para aislados. En ese orden, proponen la importancia de establecer la segmentación de las urgencias y las áreas de esperas en los centros de salud; plantean que se deben diferenciar las urgencias no solamente en las zonas de espera, sino en los boxes o cubículos determinados para tratar el coronavirus y la influenza H1N1, evitando Una elevada aglomeración de pacientes y disminuyendo los tiempos de espera prolongados, debido a una saturación de los servicios médicos.
Sugieren que los centros de salud públicos y privados, deben generar un protocolo de segmentación para los accesos a la emergencia. Herly Valenzuela, especialista en Arquitectura de Salud, explica: “Las salas de esperas, las consultas ambulatorias y las urgencias, son entornos en los que se considera que no existe un elevado riesgo de contraer una infección, Por ende es la facilidad con la que se propagan los virus en estas zonas, y ponen en entredicho esta calificación de espacios con un riesgo mínimo” el arquitecto enfatiza que ¨Los hospitales deben estandarizar sus aislados con los debidos mecanismos y sistemas de climatización, implementando parámetros directos, como la concentración de bacterias y hongos en suspensión o en superficies, y otros indirectos relativos al funcionamiento de las instalaciones de tratamiento de aire, como la tasa de renovación, la estanqueidad de los espacios y los filtros HEPA o el control de presiones entre salas, entre otros.”. De igual manera, plantea protocolos de actuación para aspectos críticos, como los programas de limpieza y desinfección y demás determinaciones ambientales
Lo esquemas fueron planteados en rueda de prensa del Grupo Estratégico, definiendo que la mayor parte de la población dominicana se asienta en las zonas urbanas y concretamente, mostrando la intención de colaborar para abordar los retos de manera exhaustiva, en respuesta estratégica a las actuales necesidades de salud, y los impactos económicos y sociales de la nación.
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