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Si te extirparon la apéndice El riesgo de párkinson puede ser 20% menor

Photo of Wellington Pérez Wellington Péreznoviembre 5, 2018
354 1.362 3 minutos de lectura

(CNN) – Puede ser doloroso, pero la apendicitis puede tener un efecto inusual: a quienes se les ha extirpado esa parte del intestino tienen un 20% menos de probabilidades de desarrollar la enfermedad de Parkinson, según un nuevo estudio  hecho con más de un millón de personas en Suecia.

El pequeño órgano, que está unido y se abre hacia el extremo inferior del intestino grueso, puede contribuir a este trastorno cerebral que afecta a casi un millón de estadounidenses, según los investigadores. El estudio fue publicado este miércoles en la revista Science Translational Medicine.

«La enfermedad de Parkinson es un trastorno multisistémico», dijo Viviane Labrie, autora principal del estudio y profesora asistente en el Instituto de Investigación Van Andel, en Michigan. «Y, por lo tanto, es probable que haya muchos sitios de origen en términos de donde comienza la enfermedad de Parkinson, el tracto gastrointestinal es uno de ellos. Para otras personas, puede comenzar en el cerebro», indica.

«No solo es un trastorno del movimiento»

La enfermedad de Parkinson no solo es común, con 60.000 diagnósticos nuevos cada año, también es incurable. Los síntomas incluyen movimientos involuntarios, temblores de los dedos, manos, piernas o pies; rigidez; dificultad para equilibrar; depresión; y trastornos gastrointestinales incluyendo estreñimiento. Las investigaciones han demostrado que los síntomas gastrointestinales pueden comenzar hasta 20 años antes que los síntomas del movimiento.

«En la última década, se ha hecho evidente que la enfermedad de Parkinson no es solo un trastorno del movimiento», dijo Labrie en un podcast. Uno de los síntomas no motores más comunes del párkinson son los problemas del tracto gastrointestinal, por lo que algunos científicos creen que el trastorno podría comenzar allí, dijo. De hecho, el apéndice contiene una proteína, alfa-sinucleína, que, se sabe, se acumula o se agrupa en el cerebro de los pacientes de párkinson, anotó.

El apéndice guardaría una relación con la enfermedad de PArkinson.

En busca de conexiones entre el párkinson y el apéndice, Labrie y sus colegas analizaron datos médicos de 1,6 millones de personas en Suecia. Según los investigadores, esta encuesta de población general mostró que la realización de una apendicectomía está relacionada con una reducción del riesgo del 19,3% de desarrollar la enfermedad de Parkinson.

Por separado, examinaron los registros de 849 pacientes con párkinson y hallaron que una apendicectomía se asoció con el inicio tardío del trastorno en un promedio de 3,6 años.

«La alfa-sinucleína es una proteína capaz de moverse de una neurona a otra, y se ha demostrado que puede viajar», dijo Labrie. Potencialmente, la proteína puede viajar por el nervio vago que conecta el tracto gastrointestinal y el cerebro.

«Si fuera a ingresar al cerebro, puede sembrarse y propagarse desde allí y tener efectos neurotóxicos que podrían conducir a la enfermedad de Parkinson», dijo.

El estudio ganó el aplauso de algunos y las críticas de otros.

Expertos recomiendan: No se someta a una apendicectomía para protegerse del párkinson

James Beck, director científico de la Fundación de Parkinson y profesor adjunto en el Departamento de Neurociencia y Fisiología de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Nueva York, dijo que el nuevo estudio es «sólido».

Aunque la investigación muestra que el trastorno «puede comenzar en el intestino», dijo, «no es un indicio de que las personas deban someterse a una apendicectomía si están preocupadas por la enfermedad de Parkinson».

Kevin McConway, profesor emérito de Estadística Aplicada en la Open University del Reino Unido, dijo al Science Media Center que el estudio es «competente», pero también realizó una crítica al uso de estadísticas por parte de los investigadores.

«Las personas a las que se les removió el apéndice en la vida temprana se diferenciarán, en promedio, de las personas que no lo hicieron, de varias maneras», dijo McConway, quien no participó en la investigación. «Cualquiera de estas diferencias podría ser la causa de la disminución del riesgo de enfermedad de Parkinson en aquellos que tuvieron su apéndice y no la extirpación del apéndice».

Dijo que «no es el caso que la causa y el efecto se hayan establecido más allá de toda duda» en el estudio.

Photo of Wellington Pérez Wellington Péreznoviembre 5, 2018
354 1.362 3 minutos de lectura
Photo of Wellington Pérez

Wellington Pérez

Egresado como periodista de la Escuela de comunicación de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD). Cuatriboliao, Minoso y más Cabraleño que una Cachua o una Viejaca.

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