Santo Domingo.- Para impulsar la educación dominicana es necesario fortalecer la capacidad docente, mejorar los contenidos curriculares e involucrar la familia en la escuela, afirmó el especialista Darwin Caraballo, director ejecutivo de Acción Empresarial para la Educación (EDUCA).
Caraballo sostuvo que tras la pandemia del Covid-19, quedó demostrado que ya la educación no es lo que fue anteriormente y hay que introducir nuevos factores que contribuyan a avanzar hacia el desarrollo.
En cuanto a la calidad del personal docente, el ejecutivo de Educa manifestó que el factor inicial es “lograr una formación inicial profesional, no aceptar que cualquier interesado, sin las competencias mínimas, pueda acceder a formarse como un futuro profesor”.
Recordó que la normativa 09-19 establecía unos requisitos mínimos para el ingreso a la carrera docente, mediante la aplicación de algunas pruebas preliminares, para de esa asegurar que quienes entren al sistema sean los mejores.
Entrevistado por Pablo McKinney en el programa televisivo “McKinney”, por Color Visión, el titular de EDUCA dijo que República Dominicana vive la paradoja de que es uno de los países con mayor grado de titulación de los profesores “y al mismo tiempo es el de peores desempeños de los estudiantes”.
Caraballo consideró que hay que mantener la defensa de esa normativa para que solo ingresen a la carrera docente estudiantes que tienen vocación y competencia para aprender y tras obtener un grado profesional sean capaces de enseñar.
Concurso
El director ejecutivo de Educa manifestó que un pilar importante es que los profesionales que van a ser funcionarios públicos docentes ingresen mediante concurso, como lo estable la Ley de Educación y el Pacto por la Educación, entre otros reglamentos del sistema educativo.
Señaló que se ha respetado esa norma, pero se han abierto grietas por las que han entrado personas sin concurso, lo que explica el alto volumen de profesores contratados “con un régimen precario, que se utiliza como circunstancia de emergencia, pero que no puede ser un instrumento para que alguien permanentemente renueve su vínculo con el Ministerio de Educación a través de estos contratos. Tiene que ser a través de un concurso”.
Caraballo indicó que luego de superar algunas dificultades técnicas para el concurso de selección del personal docente, finalmente 29,714 aprobaron la prueba de un total superior a 75,000 postulantes.
Aclaró que no todos van a ingresar de inmediato en la carrera docente, porque se necesitan menos y se escogerán por el orden de puntaje obtenido, de manera que quienes tuvieron mejor desempeño, ingresan a ocupar las plazas disponibles por un periodo de prueba de un año en que serán evaluados.
En cuanto al rol que juega la Asociación Dominicana de Profesores (ADP), Caraballo expresó que es importante porque agrupa la gran mayoría del personal docente del Ministerio de Educación, que atiende la demanda de más de dos millones de alumnos y cien mil funcionarios.
“El rol del sindicato (ADP) es importante y creemos que llega un momento de profesionalismo de sus funciones. Está muy bien que reivindiquen sus condiciones laborales; ese es un eje esencial de un sindicato, pero creemos, quizás en esta fase se pueda lograr, que se involucren más en una proceso de mejora continua del propio educador, para defender su propio trabajo”, indicó Caraballo.
Dijo que el primer interesado en que mejore la educación para poder reivindicar mejores condiciones laborales tiene que ser la ADP, por lo que no fue un acierto que llamara a no reiniciar la docencia luego de las vacaciones de Navidad y Año Nuevo pasados.
Favoreció un esquema de incentivos para favorecer a los educadores que tienen un buen desempeño en su labor docente que refleje su compromiso y nivel profesional con la educación dominicana.
Señaló que no importa la nacionalidad de los docentes si tienen las competencias y recordó que cuando la pandemia se logró formar en solo un mes a los docentes públicos en las habilidades fundamentales para impartir educación virtual.
Al analizar los riesgos de la mayor apertura dispuesta por el presidente Luis Abinader, Caraballo alertó sobre la necesidad de mantener los avances tecnológicos y la participación de la familia en el modelo de educación presencial.
“La tecnología no la podemos dejar ir y la familia no la podemos tampoco dejar escapar porque hoy está presente y es un factor formidable para mejorar el aprendizaje”, puntualizó el director ejecutivo de Educa.
Caraballo apuntó que con la pandemia quedó en evidencia la desigualdad social en el país porque aunque el Ministerio de Educación repartió dispositivos electrónicos, en muchas comunidades no había acceso a internet y a electricidad continua.
Reconoció que República Dominicana innovó en medio de la pandemia y logró salvar el año escolar, contrario a otros países, como Bolivia y Perú, donde simplemente cerraron los planteles.
En cuanto a deserción escolar por la pandemia, Caraballo consideró que no es tan alta como se creyó inicialmente, y las sitúa entre 50,000 a 80,000 desertores, pero las cifras actuales de asistencia demostrarán que fueron menos, lo que atribuyó al esfuerzo del Ministerio y sobre todo de “educadores que se pusieron en el hombro esta situación, con sus celulares, con sus cuentas de WhatsApp, con sus propios pagos de internet, estuvieron conectados con sus estudiantes y sus familias. Ahí hay una deuda con los maestros, de la República Dominicana, como la tiene con los médicos también”, agregó.
Reveló que Educa trabaja en un proyecto con 58 centros educativos de prototipo de programa de educación que se pueda expandir a los 7,300 centros, basado en “la libertad del docente, del director, del tutor, para ajustar contenidos, currículo, para encontrar el mejor mecanismo para que el estudiante aprenda, dejando rígidos los objetivos curriculares que es el nivel de aprendizaje que se busca”.
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